SPANISH
INTERNATIONAL
NETWORK

Spanish International Network

The definitive guide to the history of Spanish language radio and television in the United States.

  1. 1946

    "Texas Most Modern Radio Station"

    First full-time Spanish language radio station in the United States.

  2. 1946

    Growth Continues

    First full-time Spanish language radio station in the United States.

  3. 1946

    Spanish language radio station

    First full-time Spanish language radio station in the United States.

  4. 1955

    KWEX-TV

    KWEX-TV is first full-time Spanish language Television station and First UHF channel in U.S.

  5. 1961

    New Beginnings

    New group of investors buy station from Mr. Cortez. Emilio Azcarraga Vidaureta, Emilio Nicolas, Sr., Rene Anselmo, Frank Fouce Jr. and Julian Kaufman.

  6. 1962

    California Additions

    KMEX, Ch. 34 in Los Angeles and KFTV, Ch. 21 in Fresno were added to the station group.

  7. 1963

    SIN Grows

    Rene Anselmo moves to New York to manage SIN which was formed to become the sales representative for KWEX and KMEX. Later, SIN becomes the programming distributor for the small station group as well as the National sales rep.

  8. 1963

    WLTV

    WLTV, Ch. 23 in Miami was added.

  9. 1971

    Pioneer Dies

    Raoul Cortez-Spanish Language Radio and Television Pioneer dies at 65.

  10. 1972

    Merger

    Trans-Tel merges with SICC and adds WXTV, Ch. 41 in New York to the station group.

  11. 1974

    Magnaverde

    Magnaverde is formed to bring World Cup Soccer to the United States by closed circut television to various arena venues around the country. Later it brought many different sports events via closed circut TV.

  12. 1975

    SICC

    Mr. Frank Fouce, Chairman of SICC is unhappy with his family’s investment in SICC and asks to sell the company.

  13. 1975

    Teleton Navideno

    Nicolas launces the Teleton Navideno in San Antonio to offer much needed help to familes during the holidays. He invites Archbishop Patrick Flores to co-sponsor the event with him and KWEX-TV.

  14. 1976

    First Satellite Interconnected Television Network

    SIN becomes the Nations first satellite interconnected Television Network. KWEX-TV and San Antonio become the center of operations for a National Television Network.

  15. 1976

    Bahia De California

    Bahia De California was formed and acquires License from FCC to build KDTV, Ch 14 in San Francisco.

  16. 1976

    Mr. Frank Fouce Lawsuit

    Mr. Fouce agrees to sell his shares then decides not to and finally files a lawsuit against SICC that lasts almost 11 years.

  17. 1976

    Catholic Mass Broadcast

    Nicolas launches the first national broadcast of a Catholic mass from the cathedral in San Antonio as a public service for its predominantly Catholic viewers on SIN.

  18. 1977-78

    Seven Hills Television Company

    Seven Hills Television Company is formed and Ch. 33 in Phoenix is added to the Television Group.

  19. 1981

    Library Inauguration

    Mrs. Genoveva Cortez and daughter Irma preside over the inauguration of the Library in Raoul Cortez’s honor. San Antonio Mayor Lila Cockrell officiates.

  20. 1986

    Rene Anselmo

    Rene Anselmo resigns as President of SICC and SIN.

  21. 1986

    Emilio Nicolas, Sr.

    Emilio Nicolas, Sr. becomes President of SICC.

  22. 1986

    Alejandro Sada

    Alejandro Sada is dispatched from Mexico City to take over SIN for Emilio Azcarraga, President of Televisa and owner of SIN.

  23. 1987

    SICC Sold to Hallmark Greeting Cards

    Emilio Nicolas, Sr. President of SICC sells SICC to Hallmark Greeting Cards of Kansas City, Kansas. Hallmark renames SICC, The Univision Station Group.

  24. 1987

    UNIVISION

    SIN renamed; UNIVISION.

  25. 1987

    Emilio Nicolas, Sr. Sells Company

    Emilio Nicolas, Sr. Sells Company and Steps Down As President.

  26. 1988

    UNIVISION Sold

    UNIVISION Television Network is sold to Hallmark Greeting Cards.

  27. 1990

    Galavision

    Azcarraga and Nicolas launch Galavision as the third Spanish Language Television Network.

  28. 1990

    Emilio Nicolas, Sr. Sells Company

    Nicolas Communications Corporation, (NCC) is formed to be the station group for Galavision.

  29. 1992

    UNIVISION Sold

    UNIVISION sold to A. Jerrold Perenchio, Televisa and Venevision.

  30. 1995

    40-Years

    KWEX-TV Turns Forty Years Old.

  31. 1997

    NCC Severs Galavision Affiliation

    NCC severs Galavision affiliation and affiliates station group with Home Shopping Network (HSN) and America’s Store (AS).

  32. 2002

    Telefutura

    NCC sale of TV stations to Univision and Entravision for the formation of Telefutura, the Nations fourth Spanish Language Television Network.

  33. 2003

    Azteca America

    NCC sale of TV stations to Pappas Television for the affiliation with Azteca America, the Nations fifth Spanish Language Television Network.

  34. 2005

    50th Anniversary

    2005 was the 50th anniversary of KWEX-TV, the first full time spanish language television station in the U.S. The San Antonio Association of Hispanic Journalists honored Emilio Nicolas, Sr. with their Henry Guerra Lifetime Achievement Award.

  35. 2005

    Mini Documentary

    • Part 1

    • Part 2

    2005 a mini documentary about Emilio Nicolas, Sr.was produced by Faith Radle and Jimmy Mendiola shown in part at the SAAHJ dinner and later at the NAB Luncheon.

  36. 2006

    Mini Documentary

    2006 was the 60th anniversary of KCOR-AM, the first spanish language radio station in the U.S. The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) honored Emilio Nicolas, Sr. and the late Raoul Cortez, Sr. with their "Spirit of Broadcasting" award. This award is only given every 4 to 5 years. A luncheon was held in Las Vegas during the NAB's annual convention with over 2,000 in attendance. Tom Brokaw, Dan Rather and the late Peter Jennings were honored for their 25 plus years as National News Anchors. Regis Philbin was honored with the NAB's "Lifetime Achievement" award. Jack Valenti, former head of the Motion Picture Association of America, was the key note speaker.

    Both Emilio Nicolas, Sr. and Irma Nicolas de Cortez gave empassioned speeches to thunderous applause and standing ovations.

BIOGRAPHY

  • Raoul A. Cortez

    The History of Spanish language radio and television began with an immigrant named Raoul A. Cortez. He came to this country with his Mother, Father and eight brothers and sisters. As a young man, my Grandfather sold eggs on the streets of Nuevo Laredo in order to earn money to buy airtime on local radio stations. He would then produce a variety hour in which he sold advertising and thus began building his business.


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  • Emilio Nicolas, Sr.

    Emilio began working at KCOR_TV channel 41 in San Antonio where he produced the live shows at night and directed the news departments of the Radio and the Television stations during the day. In the mid-sixties he also handled the Spanish advertising and production for all clients of Pitluk Advertising, San Antonio’s largest Agency at that time.


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  • Emilio Nicolas, Jr.

    Emilio started in broadcasting as a prop-boy in San Antonio at the age of thirteen. Through high school and college he worked as a technician, news cameraperson, news director, and salesperson in television. In those same years, he promoted entertainment events through his own business, Campus Programming.


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HISTORY

The purpose of this site is to provide an accurate information source about the pioneers of Spanish language radio and television in the United States.

The History of Spanish language radio and television began with an immigrant named Raoul A. Cortez, my Grandfather. Papa Yayo, as I affectionately called him, was a real American Entrepreneur! He came to this country with his Mother, Father and eight brothers and sisters. As a young man, my Grandfather sold eggs on the streets of Nuevo Laredo in order to earn money to buy airtime on local radio stations. He would then produce a variety hour in which he sold advertising and thus began building his business. 

When he moved to San Antonio, he took odd jobs dressing windows for Penner’s men’s store in San Antonio, reporting for La Prensa or as a sales representative for The Pearl Brewing Company, all in order to earn money to buy air time on local radio station KMAC and produce his own Spanish language variety hour and sell the advertising time for his shows.

He began a theatrical agency that introduced many top Mexican and Latin American stars to the United States. 

He produced big variety shows for the predominantly Mexican American population of San Antonio and South Texas.

As his shows on English language radio stations grew in popularity, Mr. Cortez realized the great potential a full time Spanish language radio station would have in San Antonio. He applied to the Federal Communications Commission for his own radio license and in 1946 put KCOR-AM on the air. It was an immediate success and with that success his commitment to the San Antonio Hispanic community grew.

He became very involved with the League of United Latin American Citizens or (LULAC) by becoming its National President twice. He was an early foe of the bigotry that existed in the United States towards Hispanics. He joined Congressman Gus Garcia in the fight and he used his position with LULAC to travel to Mexico to hold talks with President Miguel Aleman and then onto Washington D.C. to speak with President Harry S. Truman. He discussed the plight of the Mexican illegal alien in the United States. He was credited with improvements between the two governments and for the illegal alien.

Meanwhile, Cortez was building a national radio network called “The Sombrero” network that helped to improve radio broadcasts and promote the stations. He continued to bring big Mexican stars like Jorge Negrete and Maria Griever to new show palaces built for the Hispanic community like the “Alameda” theatre in San Antonio.

In 1955, Mr. Cortez launched the first full time Spanish language television station in the United States as well as the first UHF channel in San Antonio, Texas. He built a state of the art television station with a large studio for the production of local shows and a local newscast to serve the San Antonio community. The new building also housed KCOR radio 1350 on the dial.

After several years of losing money on KCOR-TV channel 41, Mr. Cortez sold the station to a group of investors including Don Emilio Azcarraga Vidaureta, Emilio Nicolas, Sr., Frank Fouce Sr., Rene Anselmo, and Julie Kaufman. Emilio Nicolas, Sr. became the General Manager of the station, renamed it KWEX in honor of Don Emilio’s XEW radio station in Mexico City, the first radio station to reach all of Latin America and began working hard to turn the business around. This was a colossal effort because not only was Television in general new, but to have a Spanish language station was alien to the predominately English speaking country. The first thing Emilio Nicolas and Rene Anselmo had to do was go to Washington to lobby Congress to force Television manufacturers to sell the converters and the antennas for receiving UHF channels on the sets. Then, after achieving that goal, Nicolas had to head back to San Antonio to increase viewership in order to convince advertisers that there was a market watching and wanting to buy their products. Nicolas persevered and after seven long years of losing money he turned the corner and started making money.

In 1963 Anselmo was dispatched to New York City by Don Emilio to manage SIN (Spanish International Network). In those days SIN was the representative for national sales for the newly renamed channel 41, now KWEX and for KMEX in Los Angeles managed by Burt Avedon. Also in 1963, the Miami television station was purchased and went on the air as WLTV-Miami channel 23. The company was so small and funds were so tight that Anselmo and Nicolas recruited their wives Mary Anselmo and Irma Nicolas to clean the studio, set up the table that would serve as the anchor desk, all in preparation for the first live news telecast from the studios of channel 23, Miami. Those were nerve racking times for Anselmo and Nicolas, but they were also very exciting times. These two men were part of something groundbreaking and the country did not know what was to come from this very unique and visionary business.

In the late 1960’s Mr. Cortez sold KCOR radio to New York investors. Mr. Cortez sold the station for the highest price ever paid for a radio property in San Antonio at that time in English or Spanish. He accomplished this because of his tremendous billing. He was a real salesman and entrepreneur and rather than sit in San Antonio looking for advertising dollars that looked like crumbs, he went to New York. There, Cortez met with the advertising executives, he then wined and dined them and proceeded to convince them their advertisers needed KCOR and the audience it could deliver.

In 1972 Trans-Tel, the owner of New York’s WXTV, channel 41, merged with SICC (Spanish International Communications Corporation), the parent company of the San Antonio, Los Angeles and Miami stations. Now, SICC had stations in four major market cities and SIN was beginning to look like it could be a network as it now not only represented the stations in national sales, but it was also now the programming arm for the stations.

In 1974, the Anselmo family formed MagnaVerde in order to bring the World Cup Soccer matches to the United States via closed circuit television in large venues like Madison Square Garden, the San Antonio arena and the like. Later, the company focused on other large sports events that would be of interest to the public.

By 1975 the company had grown and so had its debts to the Azcarraga family and to their company for programming purchased and shown on the SICC stations. There were several loans outstanding and the economy in general was tight. Frank Fouce Jr., the son of one my Grandfathers (Raoul Cortez) original partners, Frank Fouce Sr. who owned Fouce Amusements in California, was unhappy with his family’s investment in SICC and wanted out. There were several discussions and several agreements all of which ended in disappointment for all involved. 

In 1975, Emilio Nicolas had the idea to help the poor in his community and reached out to Archbishop Patricio Flores. The two launched the Teleton Navideno which aired on KWEX-TV. This fundraiser for the San Antonio community continues to be successful to this day.

In 1976 SIN becomes the first satellite interconnected network in the United States, beating out Ted Turner’s CNN. Emilio Nicolas installed the city’s first earth station in the parking lot of KWEX and christened the earth station in front of the Mayor, city council and numerous business people and dignitaries. On that day, San Antonio became the center of operations for the Spanish International Network and thus changed the cities dynamics. This monumental move put San Antonio on the map as an important player in the growing Hispanic community and their buying power across the country.

1976 was a pivotal year, not only did SIN became a full fledged Satellite interconnected network, but SICC was plunged into what would become an eleven year long lawsuit pitting old partners and friends against each other. It was also the year in which Anselmo, Nicolas and a group of investors including my brother Emilio Jr. launched Bahia De California Television Company which would own and operate SIN’s newest affiliate, KDTV, channel 14 in San Francisco. In this year of the bicentennial, Nicolas, Sr. would also start something that continues to this day and that is the first nationally televised Catholic mass live from San Fernando Cathedral in San Antonio, Texas and beamed coast to coast on SIN as a service to its predominantly Catholic audience.

In 1981 San Antonio named the newest branch of the Library system after a great pioneer, Raoul Cortez. Mrs. Genoveva Cortez, daughter Irma, Mayor Lila Cockrell and other dignitaries were present at this momentous occasion. To this day the Cortez library serves the south San Antonio community with pride. I am presently embarking on a capital campaign with the San Antonio Library Foundation to raise funds to expand the library to further serve its community.

In 1986 a Federal Judge ruled against SICC and in favor of Mr. Fouce and the other plaintiffs. Mr. Anselmo was forced to resign his post as President of SIN and SICC and he would only do so if Emilio Nicolas, Sr. would take his place as the head of SICC.

Mr. Nicolas immediately took charge of the company and began cleaning things up. He then hired Bear Sterns in New York to look into selling the SICC station group. After what seemed to be the most difficult year ever, Nicolas was able to keep all of the different warring factions at bay and as happy as they could be under the circumstances. He cleaned up the company, raised sales and profitability to an SICC all time high and sold to Hallmark Greeting Cards of Kansas City, Kansas for a multiple of thirteen (13) times cash flow. At the time it was the highest multiple paid for any Television property.

Partners

The National Museum of
American History

League of United
Latin American Citizens

San Antonio
Radio Hall of Fame

Texas State
Historical Association

Contact us

For more information on the history of Spanish Language Radio and Television in the United States, please contact us.